1270
Proceedings of the 18
th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
cap,
s
x
and
s
y
(m) the centre-to-centre distance piles along and
across the road,
s
d
(m) the diagonal centre-to-centre distance
piles,
(kN/m
3
) the unit fill weight,
p
(kPa) the surcharge load
and
(
o
) the friction angle. Figure 7 also gives the minimum
embankment height as required in respectively EBGEO (2010)
and CUR226 (2010).
The figures, as well as most other comparisons in Van
Eekelen et al. (2013b), show that the concentric arch model
agrees best with the numerical calculations, and most
measurements in the scaled model tests. For the considered field
test, the model of Zaeske and the concentric arches model give
comparable good results.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
2.0
2.5
load part A (percentage of total load, %)
H/(sd-d) (m
)
concentric arches
Le Hello et al. 2009
Hewlett and Randolph
EBGEO
EBGEO minimum H
CUR minimum H
a=0.6m, sx=sy=1.5m,
gamma=19 kN/m3,
p=0kPa, phi=29deg
Figure 7. Variation of embankment height
H
, comparison analytical
models with numerical calculations of Le Hello et al. (2009).
0
40
80
120
160
arching A (kN/pile)
A pile 692
A pile 693
EBGEO/CUR A (phi=43)
BS8006 A (phi=43)
conc arches var 2 (phi=43)
=43
o
, average values
geometry: sx=sy=2.25 m,
H=1.86 m, 17 m soft soil:
k=0 kN/m
3
Figure 8. Comparison measured and calculated arching A in highway
exit Woerden, the Netherlands, described in Van Eekelen et al., 2012c
7 CONCLUSIONS
It is important to make a distinction between models for piled
embankments with or without geosynthetic basal reinforced
(GR). In the case with GR, the load is concentrated on the GR
strips between the piles (and the piles), and the load on the GR
strips is inversed triangular distributed. This paper deals with
the situation with GR.
The paper summarizes three equilibrium models describing
arching in GR basal reinforced piled embankments, namely the
models of Hewlett and Randolph (1988), Zaeske (2001) and the
concentric arches model of Van Eekelen (2013b).
It is shown how the three models obtain their load
distribution. Hewlett and Randolph (1988) as well as Zaeske
(2001) find an equally distribution load on the GR between the
piles. The concentric arches model (Van Eekelen et al. 2013b)
finds a load concentration on the GR strips, and approximately
an inversed triangular load distribution on those GR strips. This
is more in accordance with observations in scaled model tests,
numerical analysis and field measurements. The considered
numerical calculations agree best with the concentric arches
model. Measurements in the field agree equally well with the
concentric arches model and the model of Zaeske (2001).
8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The financial support of Deltares and the financial support and
fruitful discussions with manufacturers Naue, TenCate and
Huesker for the research is greatly appreciated.
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