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th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
effective application of the slabby and pile bases also is
expedient.
1.3 Development of foothill territories
Foothill (hilly) territories meet in all areas of the republic,
are presented by the difficult (dismembered) relief and their
area makes more than 5400 sq.km. Development of these
territories under building of buildings and constructions of
different function is one of the most effective directions of a
solution of the problem of deficiency of the earth in the
republic.
Hilly territories are characterized by existence of slopes by
the steepness
α
= 20 … 65 ° and more, are put by loess
collapsing soil thickness H
sl
≥ 20…30 m relating to the II type
on a collapse. Development of these territories under building
represents very complex challenge and its effective decision is
connected with development of such methods of the device of
the bases and the foundations which allow to provide stability
of slopes and at the same time are counter collapse actions in
the conditions of essential change of humidity of the massif of
soil and high seismic activity of sites of construction.
Purposeful development of hilly territories for housing,
industrial and civil engineering began from 80th years of the
last century. For the solution of this problem complex
experimental and theoretical researches were conducted, the
purpose and which tasks was identification of effective methods
of counter collapse and protection of slopes against landslide.
Methods of the device of the bases, allowing to eliminate
collapse properties of soil and to provide stability of slopes are
given in fig. 4 (Ruziyev A.R. and Usmanov R. A. 1991,
Usmanov R. A. 2002, Akhmedov D. D. and Lekarkin V. K.
2002):
Figure 4. Methods of the device of the bases and the foundations
in the conditions of a foothill territories:
1- loess collapsing soil; 2- non collapsing soil; 3- surface of
sliding; 4- the projected building; 5- condensed soil pillow; 6-
reinforcing elements; 7- driving or bored piles; 8- drainage and
explosive wells; 9- charges of explosive
2 CONCLUSIONS
a) the device of the condensed pillows of the increased
thickness with water protective measures;
b) thickness reinforcing by soil piles, including high-strength
elements;
1. Design and construction of constructions in the Republic
of Tajikistan is carried out in difficult geological and seismic
conditions that considerably complicates and increases
construction cost. Deficiency of the earth demands development
under construction of unsuitable territories for agricultural
production which are presented by problem soil, and also
substantial increase of number of storeys of buildings and
rational use of underground space of the cities.
c) slotting loess collapsing soil driving and bored piles of big
length;
d) consolidation of loess collapsing soil by preliminary
soaking, including energy of deep explosions
In the conditions of the republic one of important questions
is development of a method of calculation of stability of slopes
of the various steepness, with identification of real surfaces of
sliding since purpose of the relevant activities for ensuring its
stability depends on it as a choice of rational methods of
preparation of the bases and the device of the foundations, and.
In practice the method of circular-cylindrical slip surfaces of
sliding is widely used. However researches of the last years
testify that in seismic conditions of the republic fluidifying
landslides when there is a slipping of the top layer of a slope 5-
7 m thick are often observed. Therefore, now one of key
questions - the forecast and a method of calculation of stability
of slopes of the various steepness with definition of real
surfaces of sliding remains open and demands the decision.
2. One of the most effective directions is development of the
foothill territories presented by a difficult relief and big
thickness of loessial collapsed soil for which successful decision
it is necessary to continue experimental and theoretical
researches with application of modern technologies and
calculation methods.
3 REFERENCES
Musaelyan A.A. 1982 . Improvement of methods of the device of
the bases and the foundations in Tajik the Soviet Socialist Republic.
Bases, foundations and mechanics of soil No. 6, 9-11.
Krutov V. I. 1982 . The bases and the foundations on loess
collapsing soil. Kiev.
Galitsky V.G. and Popsuyenko I.K. 1985. Precipitation of industrial
constructions on loess collapsing soil of Tajikistan. Bases, foundations
and mechanics of soil No. 2, 9-11.
Ruziyev A.R. and Usmanov R. A. 1991. Experience of consolidation
of loess collapsing soil by a hydroexplosive method in the conditions of
a difficult relief. Bases, foundations and mechanics of soil No. 1, 13-14.
Usmanov R. A. 2002 . Condition and development prospect under
building of hilly territories of the Republic of Tajikistan. Works of a
republican seminar "Experience of studying of landslides and collapses
on territories of Tajikistan and methods of engineering protection".
Dushanbe, 117-120.
Akhmedov D. D. and Lekarkin V. K. 2002. Method of reinforcing of
the slopes put by loess collapsing soil in seismic countries. Works of a
republican seminar "Experience of studying of landslides and collapses
on territories of Tajikistan and methods of engineering protection".
Dushanbe, 117-120.
Usmanov R. A. 2009 . Water-saturated loessial soil as the bases of
buildings and constructions in the conditions of the Republic of
Tajikistan. Monograph. St. Petersburg.
