3132
Proceedings of the 18
th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
case o
ed
may ca
conseq
Figure 7. Tehnical solution for strengthe
structure and soil
Based on the obtained results (presented in f
noted that the deformations and the stresses in the soil
significantly decrease compared to the existing conditions.
tical displacements in soil due to dead load
lement is the global coefficient of
“phi-c” analysis which
re presented in
table 1 for
s of
additional loads and their transfer to deeper soil layers with
be trength-deformability characteristics.
Ta
Coefficient of global safety through incremental “phi-c”
analysis
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS
Large scale restoration and retrofitting projects were under
oncern at two of the important historical monuments in
ustafa Pasha Mosque and the St. Mary
eribleptos church, which have suffered considerable damages
ns and site response analyses have been
ca
ic analysis of
nt of historical structures.
e parameters are used in dynamic
chniques to
amages.
As
ing conditions of the Clock
To
es inc.
Se
Conditions
Load case
Safety coefficient
f the present inclin position,
use catastrophic
uences.
4
c
Macedonia, M
P
ning, numerical model of the
igure 8) it can be
The site specific earthquak
a
during their life time. Within the scope of these projects,
detailed soil investigatio
rried out in order to understand the causes of structural
damage during the past earthquakes and determine the dynamic
parameters needed for structural analysis and retrofitting design
for a probable future earthquake. In this paper, the findings from
the investigation of the effects of the local soil conditions on
the soil amplification in the mentioned case studies are
presented. The objective of the described procedure is to take
into consideration the regional and microlocation geological
and seismological parameters as correctly as possible in order to
define the input seismic parameters for dynam
important structures. The obtained results point out the
significance of involving the local site conditions into seismic
assessme
safety obtained through the incremental
shows the ultimate state of the soil. The results a
Figure 8. Horizontal and ver
and dead + seismic forces
A particularly indicative e
cases of effects due to dead weight and dead weight
along with the effect of seismic forces. The increase of the
global coefficient points to the fact that the newly designed
solution enables a more uniform distribution of the effect
an lysis of structures and to develop retrofitting te
increase the level of safety against future earthquake d
a result of this investigation, it is concluded that the local
soil conditions which led to amplification of the ground motions
in the case of the Mustafa Pasha Mosque during the past
earthquakes had played a major role as to the structural damage
experienced by the mosque. For the future safety of this
valuable monument, the structural system and the elements are
strengthened to withstand the inertial forces compatible with the
dynamic behavior of the foundation layers during a probable
earthquake. In the case of the St. Mary Peribleptos church in
which the soil conditions are mainly represented by stiff soils
and rock, the amplification does not play a significant role
regarding the response of the structure. The presented
methodology has been proved to be successful in preservation
of the safety level in historical monuments which require
strengthening and rehabilitation. This approach is recommended
to be used in future rehabilitation and strengthening of old
monuments of significant cultural importance located in
seismically prone regions.
Based on the analyses of the exist
wer and considering the state in which this important cultural
historic structure is, a technical solution for consolidation
elaborated to a level of a main project has been proposed.
The main concept of the proposed technical solution
involves design of new additional structural elements to prevent
further inclination of the Clock Tower and raise, at the same
time, the safety of this structure to a satisfying level of
functioning in the next period. It should be pointed out that
most of these new structural elements are anticipated to be
constructed below the terrain level, meaning that the anticipated
solution will have a minimal impact upon the external façade of
the structure.
5 REFERENCES
Berilgen M. M. (2007) Evaluation of Local Site Effects on Earthquake
Damages of Fatih Mosque. Engineering Geology 91. 240–253
Marchi M et al. [2011]. "Stability and strength analysis of leaning
towers". Geotechnique, 61(12), 1069-1079
SAP 2000. Computers and structur
sov, V. et al. (2007) Definition of Seismic Input Parameters for
Evaluation of the Seismic Stability of Mustafa Pasha Mosque (in
Macedonian). IZIIS Report 2007047
Plaxis V9.0 [2011]. Tutorial Manual, Balkema / Rotterdam / Brookfield
publications
Wolf [1985] “Dynamic soil structure interaction” Prentice Hall Inc
tter s
ble 1.
Dead weight
2.44
Existing
conditions
Dead weight +
seismic load
1.91
Dead weight
4.90
Conditions of a
strengthened
structure
Dead weight +
seismic load
4.02
