2302
Proceedings of the 18
th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
6.3
Extension of t-z analysis to cyclic loading
Burlon et al (2013) extend static
t-z
analysis for piles in sand to
the case of tensile and compressive cyclic load and compare the
results with centrifuge test data. The analysis turns out not yet
to be practical as four new parameters are introduced that
require measurement in cyclic pile tests. Even then, the fit with
the test data is good only for relatively few load cycles.
6.4
Plugging of open-ended displacement piles
Laboratory tests on sand to measure pile plugging, using PIV
observations, are described by Lueking and Kempfert (2013).
The fully plugged limit IFR=0 was not achieved in the tests.
The results of 2D Plaxis analysis are reported to investigate the
mechanism of plugging. Based on this study, the authors
propose two largely empirical calculation methods for the
analysis of end-bearing for open-ended, partially plugged piles.
6.5
Cyclic pressuremeter tests
Reiffsteck et al (2013) report new work on the application of
Ménard and self-boring pressuremeter tests to measure the
change in soil properties with cyclic loading and, potentially,
liquefaction resistance. Data are reported for several sites where
cyclic pile tests were completed (SOLCYP). The authors
emphasise the importance of a high quality borehole and the
need for at least 50 cycles of repeated load to characterize the
shear modulus. Soil horizons susceptible to liquefaction could
be identified by large volume expansion. The acquisition of
pore water pressure data during the test would greatly improve
the test control (data on drainage/rate effects) and interpretation.
6.6
Osterberg cell testing
The general reporter is not aware of recent cyclic pile tests
using O-Cell technology (Osterberg, 1989). A two level O-Cell
test arrangement, for example, permits end bearing to be
eliminated from cyclic axial compression tests on piles.
7 CONCLUSIONS.
As demonstrated by papers to this session, the practical
challenges of offshore geotechnics actively drive forward the
development of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
This is partly due to more extreme loading and deformation than
usually encountered onshore. The fruits of this research and
development are of great value for the overall understanding
and pactice of geotechnical engineering. That is why offshore
geotechnics should remain part of this key ISSMGE conference.
8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would thank TC209 Chairman Philippe Jeanjean for
the invitation to prepare this General Report, and colleagues
J.C. Ballard, P. Peralta and V. Whenham for valuable support.
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