967
Technical Committee 104 /
Comité technique 104
Proceedings of the 18
th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
Figure 4. Density distributions as the results of XRCT scan
Figure 5. Vertical (upper line) and horizontal (lower line)
incremental displacement.
grout pile and volumetric strain in this area shows contraction.
Moreover, another localized area is also developed from the
edge of grout pile to ground surface and it is indicating that
upper ground of localized area is uplifted due to grout injection.
Dark color in the map of volumetric strain presents volume
contraction and this zone gradually decrease the injection depth
becomes shallower. The average calculated volumetric strain is
5 % of contraction, 23.5 % of increase of relative density, in
Step A, which agrees against the density map of tomography.
Figure 7 shows the relationship between volumetric strain and
maximum shear strain at the same pixel in Fig. 6. One of the
features common to all the steps is that constrain volumetric
strain mainly appears at small shear strain and expansion at
Depth
(mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
260
250
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
r (mm)
r (mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
r (mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
Step A
Step C
Step B
0
0
incremental maximum shear strain
Depth
(
Figure 6. Incremental maximum and volumetric strain field
.04
mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
260
250
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
r (mm)
r (mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
r (mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
Step A
Step C
Step B
-0.04
0.04
incremental volumetric strain
contraction
expantion
Step A
Step C
Step B
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
260
250
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
260
250
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Step A
Step C
Step B
-10
10
displacement
(mm)
r (mm)
depth
(mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
r (mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
r (mm)
r (mm)
r (mm)
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
0 -10 -20 -30
10 20 30
r (mm)
depth
(mm)
Figure 7. Relationship between volumetric strain and maximum shear
strain.
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Δε
v
Δγ
max
(a) Step A
(b) Step B
(c) Step C
expansion
contraction
expansion
contraction
expansion
contraction
Δε
v
Δε
v
Δγ
max
Δγ
max
