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0
1
2
3
4
5
x 10
-3
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
x 10
-3
Time, seconds
Amplitude, volts
0
4
8
12
7 REFERENCES
Conlon, M., (2009). EPA science in action: Nanotechnology
research program, National Exposure Research Laboratory,
US EPA Office of Research and Development. Retrieved
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_nanomaterials.pdf
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Figure 5. Results of second test. Legend refers to volume of
fluid flushed through the specimen before testing, in liters. First
eight liters were DI water; final four liters contained
experimental treatment (i.e., trial marked “12” describes effect
of experimental treatment). Note difference in vertical scale
with respect to Figure 4.
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6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was funded through the U.S. EPA Office of Research
and Development contracts EP09D000305 and EP10D000763.
It was reviewed by EPA and approved for presentation; it may
not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade
names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement
or recommendation by EPA for use. Practical advice from
Carlos Santamarina and colleagues on preparation and use of
bender elements is greatly appreciated.
Rajabdeen, N., Luke, B, and Werkema, D.D., Jr. (2012).
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12/547.
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anisotropic loading condition using bender elements.
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