2152
Proceedings of the 18
th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
In more weathering zones we have predict protective
geo-synthetic covertures combined with different
vegetable
The hills when passes the new road have the slopes with
inclination 10
o
-35
o
and more.
Regarding this relief we have use four categories of
cuttings
Table 2 Classification by relief
Category Slope inclination Nr.of escalations Schema H
1
H
2
1 (8-14)
o
1 and 2 3-8 2-4
2 (15-22)
o
2 and 3 8-15 1,5-3
3 (23-30)
o
2 and 3 in 8-14 3-14
4 (31-35)
o
5 and 6 18-24 10-28
In the rock zones with intensive erosion phenomena’s or
weathering phenomena’s we can use protective metallic
mesh combined with metallic construction
6. CONCLUSIONS
For the new road “By-pass Vlora”that passes in cutting
we have take the following conclusions:
By geometry we have classify three types of cuttings:
With big cut in left side
5.1.2
Classification by geological conditions
With big cut in right side
In the unstable slopes we have choice two categories of
cuttings:
With two big cuts in both sides
By cutting’s height we have three classifications:
Construction of the cuttings by excavation of the part of
the sliding mass
Shallow cutting H = 5m - 6m
Middle cutting H = 6m – 15m
Deep cutting H > 15m
By intersect layers the cuttings are classify:
Cutting which intersects 1 layer
Cutting which intersects two or more layers
Regarding the dangerous zones we have classify:
Cutting without the sliding plane
Fig7 Cutting by exavation in the sliding mass
Cutting with presence of the sliding plane
Regarding the base of the road in cutting we have
classify:
Construction of the cuttings based in the stable rock
mass and preservation of slopes by nails protection mesh
and concrete slab.
Cutting based completely in the same layer
Cutting based in two layers
Cutting based in core formation
partially in embankment
Escalations we have made regarding the inclination of
the terrain to secure esthetical harmonization with
environment, not damage of the environment and
security for the road.
In the sliding zones we must undertake ( predict) the
following engineering measures:
Excavation of the soils over sliding surface to unload the
slope
5.1.3
Classification by geotechnical properties of the
slope’s soils
Construction of the retaining walls, anchorage walls etc
Enforcement of the slopes by piles, micro-piles etc
Regarding the resistive soils parameters of the slopes
and characteristics of the rock mass of the slopes also the
inclination and fault direction of the layers in slopes, we
have design three categories of slopes ( Table 3 )
In the zones that have evidence the rolling rock mass
must take the following engineering measures:
Horizontal drainage
5.1.4.
Classification by geotechnical properties
Enforcement by metallic nyle mesh combined with
metallic profiles
Use vegetable revetment
Table 3
Enforcement by geo-synthetics, concrete revetment etc
Geotechnical
characteristics)
High(H),width(b),inclination(
Rock mas
R
c
= (50- 60)Mpa
H = ( 3-6 ) b = ( 2-3 )m
=60
0
-65
0
m=2:1
Medium cemented soils
= 25
o
C = 50KPa
= ( 60-65 )
o
m = 2:1
H = ( 3-5 )m b= ( 2-3 )m
= 45
o
m = 1:1
Silty-clay soils
= (20-23)
o
C = 20KPa
H = ( 3-5 )m
b = ( 2-3 )m
= (33-35)
o
m = 1:1,5
7. REFERENCES
Altea & Geostudio 2000 Shpk 2011 Report on the geological
and geotechnical conditions of “
Vlora by-pass” Tirana
Bozo L.
1989 Behaviour of the basements and foundations
under seismic action-
Ph.D. Thesis Tirana
Bozo L. 2004
Soil Dynamics – Vol. 1,2,3 Press “Natyra”
Tirana
KTP-Antisizmic
(Albanian Seismic Code for construction
design) 1989 Tirana
5.1.5
. Classification by dangerous phenomena’s.
Landslide and Geo-environment 2011
Proceedings of the
International Symposium Press “Natyra” Tirana
Regarding the more dangerous phenomena’s which can
appear during the construction and exploitation period of
the new road, we have made the following classification.
In the colluviums zones ,which are in limit state of
equilibrium, we can predict the protective geotechnical
structures as piles, sheet piles and retaining walls
