 
          3441
        
        
          Technical Committee CFMS /
        
        
          
            Comité technique CFMS
          
        
        
          Table 3.  Experimental Average Ultimate Loads Per Unit Area and Reduction Factors.
        
        
          
            D
          
        
        
          
            f
          
        
        
          /
        
        
          
            B
          
        
        
          (1)
        
        
          
        
        
          (deg)
        
        
          (2)
        
        
          
            e
          
        
        
          /
        
        
          
            B
          
        
        
          (3)
        
        
          Experimental
        
        
          ) , , /
        
        
          (
        
        
          
        
        
          
            eBDu
          
        
        
          
            f
          
        
        
          
            q
          
        
        
          (kN/m
        
        
          2
        
        
          )
        
        
          (4)
        
        
          Experimental
        
        
          
            RF
          
        
        
          [Eq. (10)]
        
        
          (5)
        
        
          Calculated
        
        
          
            RF
          
        
        
          [Eqs. (10), (12),
        
        
          (13) and (14)]
        
        
          (6)
        
        
          Deviation—
        
        
          (%)
        
        
          6 Col.
        
        
          5 Col.
        
        
          6 Col.
        
        
          
        
        
          (7)
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          0
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          5
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          10
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          15
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          20
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          166.77
        
        
          133.42
        
        
          109.87
        
        
          86.33
        
        
          128.51
        
        
          103.01
        
        
          86.33
        
        
          65.73
        
        
          96.14
        
        
          76.52
        
        
          62.78
        
        
          51.99
        
        
          66.71
        
        
          53.96
        
        
          44.15
        
        
          35.12
        
        
          43.16
        
        
          34.83
        
        
          29.43
        
        
          23.54
        
        
          264.87
        
        
          226.61
        
        
          195.22
        
        
          164.81
        
        
          223.67
        
        
          193.26
        
        
          165.79
        
        
          140.28
        
        
          186.39
        
        
          160.88
        
        
          137.34
        
        
          116.74
        
        
          151.07
        
        
          129.49
        
        
          111.83
        
        
          94.18
        
        
          115.76
        
        
          98.1
        
        
          85.35
        
        
          72.59
        
        
          353.16
        
        
          313.92
        
        
          278.6
        
        
          245.25
        
        
          313.92
        
        
          277.62
        
        
          241.33
        
        
          215.82
        
        
          264.87
        
        
          239.36
        
        
          212.88
        
        
          188.35
        
        
          225.63
        
        
          206.01
        
        
          179.52
        
        
          155.98
        
        
          183.45
        
        
          166.77
        
        
          143.23
        
        
          126.55
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          0.8
        
        
          0.659
        
        
          0.518
        
        
          0.771
        
        
          0.618
        
        
          0.518
        
        
          0.394
        
        
          0.576
        
        
          0.459
        
        
          0.376
        
        
          0.312
        
        
          0.4
        
        
          0.324
        
        
          0.265
        
        
          0.211
        
        
          0.259
        
        
          0.209
        
        
          0.176
        
        
          0.141
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          0.856
        
        
          0.737
        
        
          0.622
        
        
          0.844
        
        
          0.73
        
        
          0.626
        
        
          0.530
        
        
          0.704
        
        
          0.607
        
        
          0.519
        
        
          0.441
        
        
          0.57
        
        
          0.489
        
        
          0.422
        
        
          0.356
        
        
          0.437
        
        
          0.37
        
        
          0.322
        
        
          0.274
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          0.889
        
        
          0.789
        
        
          0.694
        
        
          0.889
        
        
          0.786
        
        
          0.683
        
        
          0.611
        
        
          0.750
        
        
          0.678
        
        
          0.603
        
        
          0.533
        
        
          0.639
        
        
          0.583
        
        
          0.508
        
        
          0.442
        
        
          0.519
        
        
          0.472
        
        
          0.406
        
        
          0.358
        
        
          1
        
        
          0.9
        
        
          0.8
        
        
          0.7
        
        
          0.77
        
        
          0.693
        
        
          0.616
        
        
          0.539
        
        
          0.570
        
        
          0.513
        
        
          0.456
        
        
          0.399
        
        
          0.4
        
        
          0.36
        
        
          0.32
        
        
          0.28
        
        
          0.26
        
        
          0.234
        
        
          0.208
        
        
          0.182
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          0.9
        
        
          0.8
        
        
          0.7
        
        
          0.822
        
        
          0.74
        
        
          0.658
        
        
          0.575
        
        
          0.656
        
        
          0.59
        
        
          0.525
        
        
          0.459
        
        
          0.503
        
        
          0.453
        
        
          0.402
        
        
          0.352
        
        
          0.364
        
        
          0.328
        
        
          0.291
        
        
          0.255
        
        
          1.0
        
        
          0.9
        
        
          0.8
        
        
          0.7
        
        
          0.877
        
        
          0.79
        
        
          0.702
        
        
          0.614
        
        
          0.755
        
        
          0.679
        
        
          0.604
        
        
          0.528
        
        
          0.632
        
        
          0.569
        
        
          0.506
        
        
          0.443
        
        
          0.51
        
        
          0.459
        
        
          0.408
        
        
          0.357
        
        
          0.00
        
        
          11.11
        
        
          17.63
        
        
          26.00
        
        
          -0.13
        
        
          10.82
        
        
          15.91
        
        
          26.90
        
        
          -1.05
        
        
          10.53
        
        
          17.54
        
        
          21.80
        
        
          0.00
        
        
          10.00
        
        
          17.19
        
        
          24.64
        
        
          0.38
        
        
          10.68
        
        
          15.38
        
        
          22.53
        
        
          0.00
        
        
          4.89
        
        
          7.88
        
        
          11.14
        
        
          -2.68
        
        
          1.35
        
        
          4.86
        
        
          7.83
        
        
          -7.32
        
        
          -2.88
        
        
          1.14
        
        
          3.92
        
        
          -13.32
        
        
          -7.95
        
        
          -4.98
        
        
          -1.14
        
        
          -20.06
        
        
          -12.80
        
        
          -10.65
        
        
          -7.45
        
        
          0.00
        
        
          1.22
        
        
          1.38
        
        
          0.86
        
        
          -1.37
        
        
          0.51
        
        
          2.71
        
        
          0.49
        
        
          0.66
        
        
          0.15
        
        
          0.17
        
        
          -0.95
        
        
          -1.11
        
        
          -2.46
        
        
          -0.40
        
        
          0.23
        
        
          -1.76
        
        
          -2.83
        
        
          0.49
        
        
          -0.28
        
        
          Considering the uncertainties involved in any experimental
        
        
          evaluation of ultimate bearing capacity, we can assume without
        
        
          loss of much accuracy
        
        
          2
        
        
          
        
        
          
            a
          
        
        
          (12)