 
          1637
        
        
          Technical Committee 203 /
        
        
          
            Comité technique 203
          
        
        
          ‐0.8
        
        
          ‐0.6
        
        
          ‐0.4
        
        
          ‐0.2
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.2
        
        
          0.4
        
        
          0.6
        
        
          0.8
        
        
          0
        
        
          5
        
        
          10
        
        
          15
        
        
          20
        
        
          25
        
        
          30
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          1
        
        
          1.5
        
        
          2
        
        
          2.5
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          1
        
        
          1.5
        
        
          2
        
        
          2.5
        
        
          3
        
        
          
            a
          
        
        
          
            (g)
          
        
        
          
            t 
          
        
        
          
            (sec)
          
        
        
          
            SA
          
        
        
          
            (g)
          
        
        
          
            T 
          
        
        
          
            (sec)
          
        
        
          Figure 5. The Takatori record from the Kobe earthquake (Japan 1995) and its elastic response spectrum compared to the pier design spectrum.
        
        
          ‐1
        
        
          ‐0.5
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          1
        
        
          0
        
        
          5
        
        
          10
        
        
          15
        
        
          20
        
        
          25
        
        
          ‐1
        
        
          ‐0.5
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          1
        
        
          0
        
        
          5
        
        
          10
        
        
          15
        
        
          20
        
        
          25
        
        
          
            non isolated free‐field
          
        
        
          
            isolated embankment
          
        
        
          
            
              Conventional design
            
          
        
        
          
            
              In‐soil isolation
            
          
        
        
          
            
              a
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (g)
            
          
        
        
          
            
              t 
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (sec)
            
          
        
        
          
            
              t 
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (sec)
            
          
        
        
          ‐60
        
        
          ‐40
        
        
          ‐20
        
        
          0
        
        
          20
        
        
          40
        
        
          60
        
        
          ‐0.1
        
        
          ‐0.05
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          ‐60
        
        
          ‐40
        
        
          ‐20
        
        
          0
        
        
          20
        
        
          40
        
        
          60
        
        
          ‐0.1
        
        
          ‐0.05
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.05
        
        
          0.1
        
        
          
            
              Μ
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (MNm)
            
          
        
        
          
            
              curvature 
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (1/m)
            
          
        
        
          
            
              curvature 
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (1/m)
            
          
        
        
          ‐2
        
        
          ‐1.5
        
        
          ‐1
        
        
          ‐0.5
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0
        
        
          5
        
        
          10
        
        
          15
        
        
          20
        
        
          25
        
        
          ‐2
        
        
          ‐1.5
        
        
          ‐1
        
        
          ‐0.5
        
        
          0
        
        
          0.5
        
        
          0
        
        
          5
        
        
          10
        
        
          15
        
        
          20
        
        
          25
        
        
          
            
              Δ
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (m)
            
          
        
        
          
            Δ
          
        
        
          
            C
          
        
        
          
            Δ
          
        
        
          
            r
          
        
        
          
            Δ
          
        
        
          
            
              t 
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (sec)
            
          
        
        
          
            
              t 
            
          
        
        
          
            
              (sec)
            
          
        
        
          
            collapse
          
        
        
          
            a
          
        
        
          
            max
          
        
        
          = 0.35g
        
        
          Figure 6. Comparison of the two alternatives: conventionally designed pier response versus pier response with application of the in-soil isolation
        
        
          system (a) Acceleration time histories at the base of the pier. (b) Moment – curvature response at the pier base and (c) time histories of deck drift Δ.