 
          1054
        
        
          Proceedings of the 18
        
        
          th
        
        
          International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
        
        
          Figure 5. Normal contact force network in the sand pile formed in the
        
        
          dry condition (top) and in water (bottom).
        
        
          between the DEM and the CFD computations such interaction
        
        
          forces as the drag force, the buoyancy force and the virtual mass
        
        
          force. The coupled numerical tool has been benchmarked by
        
        
          two classic soil mechanics problems and has been further
        
        
          applied to the prediction of sandpiling in water. These examples
        
        
          demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of capturing
        
        
          the main feature of fluid-particle interaction from a microscopic
        
        
          point of view. It is robust and efficient and has the potential to
        
        
          be applied to a wider range of geomechanics problems where
        
        
          fluid-particle interactions are important.
        
        
          5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
        
        
          The study was supported by Research Grants Council of Hong
        
        
          Kong (through GRF
        
        
          622910
        
        
          ).
        
        
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