1915
General Report of TC 207
Foundations and Retaining Structures
Rapport général du TC 207
Fondations et ouvrages de soutènement
Bilfinger W.
Vecttor Projetos, Brazil
ABSTRACT: Forty nine papers were included in the theme Soil Structure Interaction. These papers were divided into those related to
foundations and retaining structures. The number of research papers and case histories are almost equal, showing equilibrium between
academicians and practicioneers. Different types of foundations are presented, as well as different types of retaining structures.
RÉSUMÉ : Quarante neuf articles ont été inclus dans le thème « Interaction Sol-Structure ». Ces documents ont été divisés entre ceux
qui sont liés aux fondations et ceux liés aux ouvrages de souténement. Le nombre d´articles de recherche et d’études de cas sont
presque égaux, montant l’équilibre entre les universitaires et les practiciens. Sont présentés différents types de fondations, ainsi que
différents types d’ouvrages de soutènement.
KEYWORDS: soil-structure interaction, foundation, retaining structure, excavation.
1 INTRODUCTION
Foundations and retaining structures are traditional and widely
used geotechnical structures in which soil-structure interaction
plays a major role. For this reason, this technical session was
organized by TC 207 – Soil Structure Interaction.
A total of 49 papers were included in this session, 12 focused
on foundations and 37 about retaining structures. Contributions
came from 28 countries, divided regionally as presented in
Figure 1. Almost ¾ of all technical papers come from Europe.
Figure 1. Origin of published papers: Europe – 39, Asia – 11, North
America – 3 and 1 – South America.
23 papers present case histories and 26 research results,
which show a desired equilibrium between academia and
practice.
This report includes:
A brief summary of the papers related to foundations;
Some selected topics related to foundations;
A brief summary of the papers related to retaining
structures;
Some selected topics related to retaining structures;
Conclusions.
2 BRIEF REVIEW OF PAPERS RELATED TO
FOUNDATIONS
12 papers focusing on foundations were selected for this
session, 5 of them describing case histories and 7 presenting
research results. Variable topics were presented and discussed,
including shallow and deep foundations, as well as soil structure
intereaction, specially the interaction between foundations and
deep excavations.
M. Bidasaria
presents a case history about the cofferdam for
the Indira Sagar Project in India. This cofferdam was built as a
gravity dam, using precast hollow concrete blocks on the
upstream and downstream faces. Between the two faces, rubble
was filled and later grouted by a cement-sand mixture, forming
a so called stonecrete. The paper presents interesting
constructive details about the construction of the cofferdam.
E. M. Comodromos
et al. present numerical simulations to
evaluate the influence of diaphragm wall construction on
adjacent buildings. The 3D simulations are specific about the
excavation phase, where soil is substituted by bentonite slurry,
and the concrete tremied into the pannel. Obtained results
showed maximum settlements in the order of 5 mm, for a 6
story building founded on direct footings located closely to the
wall.
F. Cuira and B. Simon
present an analytical model to
evaluate soil reinforced by vertical inclusions, considering the
interaction between the reinforced and un-reinforced soil along
their boundary. An analytical method is compared to 3D FE
simulations and good results are obtained. Further research
using centrifugues is recommended in the conclusions.
W. Guo and J. Chu
present results of model tests of suction
caissons, focusing on shallow water for near shore use. The
obtained results were in good agreement with an analytical
results.
G. Hannink and O. Oung
present a case history with
prediction and monitoring results of the induced movements of
a 9 story high apartment building, due to excavation of a 20 m
deep closely located (7m distance) excavation, retained by
strutted diaphragm walls. Measured horizontal and vertical
movements of the apartment building were in the order of 10
mm.
Horn-Da Lin et al.
present numerical simulation results,
where the influence of a deep excavation on nearby located
buildings is evaluated. The excavation depth is around 20 m. As
benchmark, results of a documented published case history are
used, and good agreement was obtained. Horizontal wall
